Moreover, this reduction seems to be directly linked to kind of food consumed (cereals, fruits, nuts, virgin oil). It has been already demonstrated that diet may reduce circulating markers of inflammation in obese non-diabetic subjects. To this end, mechanisms whereby diet controls metabolic parameters are still poorly understood however, it seems that the pro-atherogenic inflammatory system may be involved. Diet, particularly Mediterranean diet, is one of the most important instruments to reduce obesity, MetS, cardiovascular diseases and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The prevention of these diseases is a public health challenge.

Prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are worldwide increasing to epidemic proportions, leading to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Weight loss through caloric restriction is associated with an improvement in peripheral lipid and cytokine profiles that may play a major role in improving cardiovascular risk. An interesting positive correlation was also observed among peripheral cytokines levels after diet and peripheral levels of CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein), an enzyme with a key role in lipid change. This was associated with a significant reduction in peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8 and MIP-1β, leading to an overall decreased inflammatory score. The analysis of LDL (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) lipoproteins showed a change in their composition with a massive transfer of triacylglycerols from HDL to LDL. ResultsĪfter weight loss, a significant improvement in BMI, waist circumference, insulin, fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) was observed. MethodsĮighteen adult males with metabolic syndrome (defined according to IDF 2009) and Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 and 35 kg/m 2 were subjected to a balanced hypocaloric diet for 6 months to reach at least a 5% body weight loss. To determine the effects of diet-induced weight loss on metabolic parameters, lipids and cytokine profiles. Weight loss in patients with metabolic syndrome has positive effects on cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risks, but its effects on peripheral cytokines and lipid profiles in patients are still unclear.

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